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Written by: Grzegorz Makarewicz
Category: Uncategorised
Last Updated: 10 December 2025

A website dedicated to various topics that interest me. Retro electronics – primarily devices using vacuum tubes, forgotten old corners of Warsaw, playing with artificial intelligence, and other topics that strike my fancy at the moment.

I'm also trying to recreate the device descriptions I once posted on the now-defunct FonAr and Trioda website. These descriptions are not only mine but also those of my friends, primarily from the Trioda Forum. To enhance the site's content, I've included illustrations in various sections that I found in old books, usually from the 1950s, on topics broadly related to radio engineering (these are books or excerpts from books from defunct publishers, often without identifying the authors).

Where possible, I add information about the author to the drawing.

As promised, on December 10, 2025, I added another diagram to the book (there are already 127 of them)

 

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Philips EL 6411 Tube Amplifier

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Written by: Grzegorz Makarewicz
Category: Gallery
Last Updated: 09 December 2025

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Text and photos: gsmok, Warsaw

On July 29, 2004, thanks to the Allegro auction service, I became the owner of a Philips tube amplifier, model EL 6411. In accordance with the accepted custom, my cats were the first to evaluate the amplifier. As you can see, the evaluations were weighted by their individual character traits.

In the photo presented at the auction on Allegro, the amplifier looked great. In reality, it was not so beautiful. This was due to a few flaws that the seller probably "forgot". But of course I could have asked him a number of questions before bidding, which I did not do and I can only blame myself. In the two photos presented below, you can see the view of the amplifier a few moments after unpacking it from the box. Of course, you can enlarge the photos by clicking on them with the mouse.

Read more: Philips EL 6411 Tube Amplifier

Audio Innovations Series 500 Amplifier

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Written by: Grzegorz Makarewicz
Category: Tube equipment
Last Updated: 07 December 2025


Grzegorz Makarewicz, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
(Description published on the TRIODA-Grzegorz Makarewicz website on January 8, 2018)


The Audio Innovation Series 500 is a 25W Class A integrated tube amplifier. As the name suggests, it was manufactured by Audio Innovations, based in Brighton, UK. Audio Innovations was founded by Peter Qvortrup and Erik Andersson in 1984 and manufactured tube amplifiers from 1984 to 1996. In 1991, the company was acquired by Audio Components, and in 1996, the brand was acquired by Audio Partnership. The 500 Series amplifiers were developed during Audio Innovations' early days in the market, back in the 1980s.

Read more: Audio Innovations Series 500 Amplifier

Unbalanced tube amplifier on a 300B tube

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Written by: Grzegorz Makarewicz
Category: Tube equipment
Last Updated: 07 December 2025


Photographs: Grzegorz Makarewicz, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.


At one time, fascinated by the 300B triode, a cult device in the audiophile community, I decided to build an amplifier based on this tube. As I decided, so I did. The amplifier has the form of two monoblocks. Below is a photo of one of them. I have to disappoint the purists - the monoblocks are not "visually" symmetrical, they are really identical. When you put them next to each other, they can arouse a certain distaste among aesthetes. I found out about it personally. My answer in such situations was always the same: we should listen to these monoblocks as they work together, not as they "look together". And it turns out that sometimes it helped.

Read more: Unbalanced tube amplifier on a 300B tube